When Americans think of retiring in Europe, the big capitals—Paris, Rome, Madrid—often spring to mind. But while these first cities are rich in culture and global cachet, they also come with higher prices, larger crowds, and more bureaucratic complexity. That’s why savvy retirees are increasingly turning to Europe’s second cities, the often-overlooked gems that offer all the charm with fewer of the challenges.

Here’s a look at some of Europe’s second-largest cities that consistently rank high among expats and retirees for affordability, lifestyle, healthcare, and cultural depth.

1. Porto, Portugal

Portugal’s 2nd Largest City after Lisbon

Porto has all the magic of Lisbon, minus the steep hills and rising prices. Located along the Douro River, Porto is known for its historic center (a UNESCO World Heritage site), vibrant food scene, and—of course, wine. It offers:
• A mild coastal climate year-round
• Lower housing costs than Lisbon
• Excellent public healthcare access
• A welcoming local culture that’s very English-friendly
• Growing expat community

Many U.S. retirees choose Porto for its relaxed pace, strong safety ratings, and easy travel access via its international airport.

2. Graz, Austria

Austria’s 2nd Largest City after Vienna

Graz often flies under the radar, but this beautiful Baroque city in southern Austria is a retiree's dream. It boasts a historic old town, rich cultural offerings, and proximity to nature. Retirees are drawn by:
• Lower cost of living compared to Vienna
• Affordable, high-quality healthcare
• Excellent public transport and infrastructure
• Quiet, walkable neighborhoods
• Friendly locals, many of whom speak English

Plus, its location offers easy access to Italy, Slovenia, and the Austrian Alps.

3. Brno, Czech Republic

Czechia’s (FKA the Czech Republic) 2nd Largest City after Prague

Brno is Prague’s less-touristy, more relaxed cousin. It’s known for its youthful energy (thanks to several universities), but also for its slow pace of life, excellent medical care, and affordability. Highlights include:
• Low cost of living, especially in rent and dining
• Top-tier public healthcare and private options
• Compact, walkable center with cafés and green parks
• A growing international community
• Less English spoken, but locals are welcoming and eager to help

Brno also serves as a great home base to explore Central Europe, with easy train and bus links to Vienna, Bratislava, and Budapest.

4. Valencia, Spain

Spain’s 2nd Largest Metropolitan Area after Madrid

Some argue Barcelona holds this title in terms of size, but Valencia is often overlooked and offers better value. It delivers sun-soaked Mediterranean living at a lower cost than Madrid or Barcelona, plus:
• Long stretches of sandy beach
• A balanced lifestyle—not too fast, not too sleepy
• Lower crime and tourist traffic than bigger cities
• Affordable housing, even near the sea
• World-class public healthcare

Valencia’s food scene, walkable old town, and proximity to both the mountains and the coast make it ideal for retirees who love variety.

5. Thessaloniki, Greece

Greece’s 2nd Largest City after Athens

If you want the culture, cuisine, and seaside charm of Greece but without the Athens bustle, Thessaloniki delivers. The city is a historic melting pot with Byzantine, Ottoman, and Jewish heritage, and offers:
• Low cost of living, especially rent and food
• Slower pace and friendly local culture
• Access to beautiful beaches and mountain villages
• Strong expat groups and English-speaking doctors
• Mild winters and sunny summers

Thessaloniki is also known for its vibrant café culture and thriving arts scene.

Why Second Cities Make Sense for Retirees

Europe’s second cities often strike the perfect balance: they’re large enough to offer high-quality services, healthcare, and culture but small enough to avoid the noise, congestion, and inflated prices of capitals. They tend to be:
• More affordable in both rent and everyday living
• Less crowded and more laid-back
• Easier for integration into the local community
• Still well-connected via train and airports

• Often more “authentically” local in character

For retirees seeking comfort, culture, and community without the chaos, these cities offer a winning formula.

Final Thought

Retirement is about choosing the kind of life you want to live every day—not just where you want to visit. Europe’s second cities offer a lower cost of living, easier access to locals, and less tourist saturation—all while delivering excellent healthcare, fresh food, and a slower pace. If you’re considering retiring abroad, don’t just look at the capitals look just one step beyond. You might find your perfect new home.